Compound Detail

CHEMBL134

CLONIDINE

💊 Approved Drug

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💊 Approved Drug

Clc1cccc(Cl)c1NC1=NCCN1

ChEMBL ↗ Properties Compare Identifier

Basic Information

ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL134
Name	CLONIDINE
Phase	Approved
Structure Type	MOL
InChI Key	GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Therapeutic	✓ Yes

Known Names

Catapres-tts-1 Catapres-tts-2 Catapres-tts-3 Catarpres-tts Clonidina Clonidine Clonidine extended release Clorpres Combipres Nexiclon xr ST-155-BS ST-155BS

Targets

118

Activities

Assay Types

PK Parameters

Publications

Known Names

Indications

Mechanisms

Molecular Properties

230.1

MW (Da)

2.36

ALogP

HBA

HBD

36.4

PSA (Å²)

0.78

QED

Ro5 Violations

Rot. Bonds

Drug Information

Molecule Type	Small molecule
First Approval	1974
Availability	Prescription
Chirality	Achiral

Routes of Administration

Oral Parenteral Topical

Flags

Black Box Warning Natural Product

USAN Year

1969

Extended Properties

Molecular Formula	C9H9Cl2N3
MW	230.10
Aromatic Rings	1
Heavy Atoms	14
NP-Likeness	-0.82

Mechanism of Action

Mechanism	Action Type	Target	Direct	Efficacy
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 agonist	AGONIST	Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	✓	✓

Indications

Glaucoma Hypertension Migraine Disorders Neoplasms Neuralgia Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Cardiovascular Diseases Delirium Dwarfism, Pituitary Fecal Incontinence Genital Neoplasms, Male Hyperemesis Gravidarum Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Pain Postoperative Complications Pregnancy Scoliosis Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic Anxiety Back Pain

ATC Classification

C02AC01

clonidine

Level 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Level 2: ANTIHYPERTENSIVES

N02CX02

clonidine

Level 1: NERVOUS SYSTEM

Level 2: ANALGESICS

S01EA04

clonidine

Level 1: SENSORY ORGANS

Level 2: OPHTHALMOLOGICALS

Activity Summary

Ki 75 meas. best 9.41

EC50 21 meas. best 9.54

IC50 19 meas. best 8.7

Kd 3 meas. best 6.59

Target Activity Profile

Target	Type	Best pChEMBL	Mean pChEMBL	Best (nM)	# Data
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL1867	EC50	9.54	8.1522	0.3	9
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL327	Ki	9.41	8.2967	0.4	3
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 CHEMBL2093864	Ki	8.82	8.29	1.5	10
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL4744	IC50	8.7	8.7	2.0	1
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 CHEMBL2093864	IC50	8.51	8.2267	3.1	3
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL1867	Ki	8.42	7.6411	3.8	9
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 CHEMBL2095158	Ki	8.42	7.9267	3.8	3
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 CHEMBL2095158	EC50	8.36	7.905	4.4	2
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor CHEMBL1942	Ki	8.21	7.792	6.2	5
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor CHEMBL266	Ki	8.08	7.6533	8.3	3
Nischarin CHEMBL3923	Ki	8.05	7.5233	8.9	3
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor CHEMBL1916	Ki	8.03	7.424	9.3	5
Nischarin CHEMBL5221	Ki	7.85	7.0625	14.1	4
Unchecked CHEMBL612545	Ki	7.78	7.0586	16.5	7
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 CHEMBL2095158	IC50	7.68	7.68	21.0	1
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor CHEMBL1916	EC50	7.26	6.9475	55.0	4
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor CHEMBL1942	EC50	7.25	6.6533	56.2	3
Unchecked CHEMBL612545	IC50	7.19	7.19	64.0	1
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor CHEMBL1942	IC50	7.08	7.08	83.0	1
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor CHEMBL3988626	EC50	7.08	7.08	83.0	1
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL4892	EC50	7.05	7.05	89.0	1
Adrenergic receptor alpha-1 CHEMBL1907610	Ki	6.94	6.5383	116.0	6
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL319	Ki	6.82	6.82	151.0	1
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL319	Kd	6.59	6.59	257.0	1
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL1867	IC50	6.55	6.55	280.0	1
Adrenergic receptor alpha-1 CHEMBL2094251	EC50	6.54	6.54	290.0	1
Nischarin CHEMBL5221	IC50	6.44	6.44	366.2	2
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL319	IC50	6.43	6.43	372.0	1
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor CHEMBL229	Ki	6.29	6.12	512.9	3
Adrenergic receptor alpha-1 CHEMBL2094251	Ki	6.29	6.29	510.0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 CHEMBL5685	Ki	6.26	6.26	550.0	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor CHEMBL223	Ki	6.22	5.905	595.0	2
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor CHEMBL315	Ki	5.99	5.99	1023.0	1
Adrenergic receptor alpha-1 CHEMBL1907610	IC50	5.92	5.92	1200.0	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor CHEMBL223	IC50	5.92	5.92	1210.0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 CHEMBL2073670	Ki	5.85	5.85	1400.0	1
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor CHEMBL315	IC50	5.73	5.73	1848.0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A CHEMBL273	Ki	5.51	5.51	3066.0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A CHEMBL214	Ki	5.49	5.49	3235.9	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A CHEMBL273	IC50	5.27	5.27	5365.0	1
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor CHEMBL232	Ki	5.13	5.13	7413.1	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 CHEMBL5685	IC50	4.72	4.685	18980.0	2
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 CHEMBL1743126	IC50	4.48	4.48	33300.0	1
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor CHEMBL5471	Kd	4.4	4.3	39810.7	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 3 CHEMBL2073673	IC50	4.1	4.1	79300.0	1

Pharmacokinetic Data

Parameter	Value	Units	Species
C ss	0.4	ng/mL	Homo sapiens
C ss	0.8	ng/mL	Homo sapiens
C ss	1.1	ng/mL	Homo sapiens
CL	4.0	mL.min-1.kg-1	Homo sapiens
CL	4.0	mL.min-1.kg-1	Homo sapiens
CL	177.0	mL/min	Homo sapiens
CL-renal	102.0	mL/min	Homo sapiens
F	80.0	%	Homo sapiens
F	60.0	%	Homo sapiens
F	60.0	%	Homo sapiens
Fu	0.8	-	-
Fu	0.158	-	-
Fu	0.8	-	Homo sapiens
Fu	0.56	-	Homo sapiens
Fu	0.42	-	Rattus norvegicus
MRT	14.0	hr	Homo sapiens
Recovery	40.0	%	Homo sapiens
T1/2	7.6	hr	Homo sapiens
T1/2	0.3333	hr	Homo sapiens
T1/2	12.0	hr	Homo sapiens
T1/2	41.0	hr	Homo sapiens
T1/2	24.0	hr	Homo sapiens
Vd	5.9	L.kg-1	Rattus norvegicus
Vd app	197.0	L	Homo sapiens

Activity Data Samples

Top measurements by pChEMBL value

Target	Type	Rel.	Value	Units	pChEMBL	Assay	PubMed
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	EC50	=	0.29	nM	9.54	Agonist activity at human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2A receptor expressed in ...	38593423
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	EC50	=	0.3162	nM	9.5	Agonist activity at human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2A receptor expressed in ...	38593423
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Ki	=	0.39	nM	9.41	Binding affinity towards alpha-2D adrenergic receptor	10715142
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Ki	=	0.39	nM	9.41	In vitro rat alpha-2D adrenergic receptor binding using p-aminoclonidine	10753480
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	Ki	=	1.5	nM	8.82	In vitro binding affinity was measured as the inhibition of [3H]clonidine bindin...	3016265
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	Ki	=	1.7	nM	8.77	Compound was tested for the inhibition of [3H]clonidine binding Alpha-2 adrenerg...	6123600
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	Ki	=	1.8	nM	8.74	Binding affinity against alpha-2 adrenergic receptor was determined by the displ...	2887657
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	IC50	=	2.0	nM	8.7	Concentration necessary to achieve half maximal inhibition of [3H]clonidine bind...	2537429
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	Ki	=	2.512	nM	8.6	Displacement of [3H]clonidine from rat cerebral cortex alpha-2 adrenergic recept...	25813897
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	Ki	=	2.7	nM	8.57	Displacement of [3H]clonidine from alpha2 adrenergic receptor in rat brain cereb...	27692547
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	IC50	=	3.1	nM	8.51	50% inhibition of specific [3H]clonidine binding (0.4 nM) to Alpha-2 adrenergic ...	6142954
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	Ki	=	3.8	nM	8.42	Displacement of [3H]RX821002 from human alpha2 adrenoceptor expressed in CHO cel...	25521963
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Ki	=	3.8	nM	8.42	Binding affinity for human Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	8632424
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Ki	=	3.8	nM	8.42	Compound was tested in vitro for binding affinity against Alpha-2A adrenergic re...	8784451
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	IC50	=	3.9	nM	8.41	The compound was evaluated for the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonistic acti...	2887657
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	EC50	=	4.4	nM	8.36	Compound was tested for concentration that produced 50% contractile relative res...	8784451
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2	Ki	=	5.7	nM	8.24	Displacement of [3H]clonidine from Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor of rat brain memb...	6296387
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	Ki	=	6.166	nM	8.21	Binding affinity towards human Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor by the displacement ...	-
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Ki	=	7.943	nM	8.1	Binding affinity towards human Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor by the displacement ...	-
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	EC50	=	8.128	nM	8.09	Agonistic activity towards human Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor was measured as ab...	-

Literature References

PubMed	DOI	Target Context	# Activities
-	10.6019/CHEMBL3885881	Rattus norvegicus	467
-	10.5281/zenodo.13943903	ADMET	89
31158845	10.1038/s41586-019-1291-3	ADMET	66
16472241	10.2174/1570163043334794	Hepatotoxicity	18
22194678	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002310	Hepatotoxicity	14
7265125	10.1021/jm00136a006	Rattus norvegicus	12
15646539	10.1016/s0399-8320(04)95062-2	Unchecked	11
15646539	10.1016/s0399-8320(04)95062-2	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	8
8289185	10.1021/jm00027a015	Rattus norvegicus	6
7310823	10.1021/jm00144a017	Rattus norvegicus	6
7452693	10.1021/jm00186a019	Rattus norvegicus	6
12061889	10.1021/jm0200409	ADMET	5
33031924	10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127595	Mus musculus	5
6502601	10.1021/jm00378a030	Rattus norvegicus	5
38593423	10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01961	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	5
10576697	10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00569-7	Rattus norvegicus	4
20925410	10.1021/jm100977d	Mus musculus	4
18426954	10.1124/dmd.108.020479	ADMET	4
21232951	10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.062	Felis catus	4
18391949	10.1038/nchembio.79	SK-N-MC	4

Data from ChEMBL 36 via Core Engine